Buyer Behavior and Analysis Nostalgia

Question: Discuss about the Buyer Behavior and Analysisfor Nostalgia. Answer: Introduction The nostalgia term is derived by Greek Nostos, which means a deep feeling of sadness. It can be understood as craving on the basis of sentiments. Nostalgic marketing is highly used in the organizations which are looking for some innovations in their current products and services. It was firstly applied on western companies. This is done by the companies by organizing the marketing campaigns. Nostalgic marketing can be applied by the company in their marketing strategies by evoking any past memory or any experiences of the customers. This is the reason that nostalgic marketing approach is also called as retro approach as it is based on the past memories. Nostalgic marketing is used by the various companies such as: Mini copper, Volkswagen and many more (Colin 2015). The use of Nostalgia in marketing The companies prefer to use nostalgic marketing in their marketing strategies, because it is assumed by the marketing managers that the customers would not purchase the product and services until and unless there is some emotional attachment to it. The objective of nostalgic marketing is to make the image of product and services as required and needed in the mind of its consumers. This approach is suitable for the companies which are facing cut throat competition, for example in case of mobile companies, nostalgic marketing is highly preferred, the reason being it helps in seeking attention of the user and quickly able to influence them to make purchases (Chong 2014 11-35). To apply nostalgic strategy in the marketing strategies of the company it is recommended that the company should have a good reason for adopting of nostalgic approach. This can be done by making a case study in which the target audience has to be mentioned with their perceived state of mind as how they have performed in their past situations. The marketing managers should consider positive memories, as they will help in building relationship with the consumers and influencing them to purchase the products and services. The advertising team of the company applying nostalgic approach should follow an informal and knowing tone; this would help the consumer in establishing a link with the company. Besides these factors, the company must decide in advance the targeted group of customers and plans to target them specially on holidays, this is because on holiday time, customers are already in nostalgic mood as they want to spend some quality time with their family hence it would be easier for the managers to target them by following this approach (Jellian 2016). Where nostalgia used is in the marketing Environment and for What Products or Brands Nostalgic marketing strategy is used in those industries which are facing intense competition either from its own companies or from other non related competitors. The products or services that should be used in nostalgic marketing must be those which can directly or indirectly affect the buyer decision behavior (Darel, David and Abdullah 2014, 79-84). Nostalgic marketing is considered as one of the preferred approach, the reason behind this is in todays world the consumers chooses the product and services depending upon his or her happiness and emotions. Hence majorly soft drink companies, insurance companies such as: Coca cola, Allianz Australia insurance limited and related companies. In case of Cath Kidstone which is a children accessories store providing bags, fashion products, the company has adopted Nostalgia marketing very successfully. It is known as the leader of nostalgia marketing. The company has done this by establishing research and development activity in its region. It has been analyzed by the company that, the change in the economic environment would lead to change in the demand from its customers in respect of eating habits, home appliances. This has been taken as opportunity for the company, and believed that consumers would prefer to amend the existing products and services rather than to change them completely . This has made the company over the night leading company for children accessories. The prints of the company were used by the Nokia phones, carrier bags of Tesco, Roberts radios, sky boxes, the domestic women of Britain has considered as pioneer in retro prints, washed furniture and embroidered cushions (Amir 2012). Is this an Effective Way of marketing Nostalgia marketing is considered as one of the marketing strategy especially during the period of recession. The use of this marketing in the company structure has increased a lot. the reason behind this is, nostalgia marketing uses real life figures, products and taglines to connect with the customers. However this marketing does not ensure the acknowledgement from the customers, but if this is applied and followed in the right direction, it can lead to best results and lead to positive feedback for the change in the products and processes. Traditionally nostalgic marketing was used by the marketers in case of uncertain market conditions, but in modern era, nostalgic marketing is used to bring authenticity, and build a long term relationship with the customers. Nostalgic marketing is used by the companies majorly by targeting holidays, as these are the days when shopping is done at the most. 2014 year is known as nostalgic era. Honda as an automobile company has used toys and carto on charaterstics such as Armstrong, jem, Gumby, skeletor, in its seasonal marketing campaign (Muskan 2010, 1-9). Nostalgic marketing is not considered as an effective approach by many writers, the reason behind this is, it makes the user or consumer feel sad while recalling the past memories. Hence it can create a negative impact also if the consumer or the user does not have any positive memories in the past. While some of the researchers say that nostalgic approach is a universal approach, which helps the consumer in getting out of boredom, and helping them to feel loved and happier (Wing, Constantine and Tim 2015, pp 283-288). Hence by analyzing the above researchers saying, it can be said that the company managers must cautiously decide the tactics to target the audience on the basis of nostalgic approach. As this would lead to positive feedback from the customers end and would lead the company in increasing in its sales and increase in the number of loyal customers (Graham 2015). Appeals used in nostalgic marketing in Order to Attract these Consumers Marketers uses nostalgic marketing by taking the advantage of warm users of the consumers, that is by evoking the warm memories of the consumers the company marketing managers used to increase the sale of their products and services. Every consumer has come across happy time during the childhood, kinds tone prints, sports. In case of Cath Kidstone, the company is known as leader in applying nostalgia marketing in its marketing structure (Jason 2015). In case of Coca cola, the company has used nostalgic approach in 2014, by introducing its citrus soda on online website Amazone, by citing fans thirsty for a taste of 90s. This is considered as nostalgic marketing because the consumers which are craving for citrus flavored drinks would prefer the coca cola drinks (Lilly and Linda 2015). It has been analyzed that consumers are willing to pay more if they are linked with their past experiences and memories which they want to create in the future. Nostalgic approach helps the consumers in connecting emotionally with the company products and services (Jeff and Chih 2014, 71-79). Nostalgic marketing strategies give options to its users in selection of the stimulus and commodities. It helps the company in deciding the appropriate mix of stimulus such as packing and advertising to target its customers. In case of nostalgic packing, the main objective of the company is to taking advantage from the past memories of the customers. In this, the company adopts packing by using natural materials, a simple decoration. This is done to present the product as a unique historical flavor. While in case of nostalgic advertising, the company targets the emotions of the consumers, so to build an emotional connection between the customer and the company (Rubo 2015). In which Industries / Product Categories does this Appeal Appear to be Prevalent? Companies or industries which are looking for some innovations in their processes of production and distribution of goods and services, the company or industry uses nostalgia marketing. The main objective of using nostalgic marketing in the processes of the company is to catch the eye of the consumers and to make the advertisement of the company longer stay (Lisa 2014). This approach is relevant to various products, markets, place, situation, and many more. It has been observed that nostalgic approach is based on personality, individual character, lifestyle, psychographic variables of the consumer. To apply this approach to the target audience, it must be ensured by the marketing manager that the target audience is prone to nostalgic or feelings. This is required because if the customer would be prone to feelings then only they would be able to acknowledge the change in the offerings of the company. The perception of the consumer towards the brand is also said as nostalgic approach, the reason behind this is, the consumer acknowledges a brand on the basis of his or her attitude, belief, perception, feelings, loyalty for the product or services (Clay 2012). Capitalization/ Sustainability Issues of nostalgic Approach and Implications to Various Parties Involved In the comparison to other marketing approaches such as mouth publicity or door to door advertising, email advertising, nostalgic strategy is preferred the most. The reason behind this is, there are maximum chances that nostalgic marketing would lead to increase the sales of the company due to creation of the emotional link between the customers and the company products and services. by following traditional marketing strategy, the influence over the consumers mind would fade away, but in case of nostalgic marketing it establishes a long term relationship. Hence it is said that nostalgic approach is a sustainable approach (Robert , Chi Yue and Ying 2009, 187-258). It has been analyzed that by applying nostalgic approach to the organization, it would lead to impact the bond between the customers and the company. The approach makes an emotional connection between them by giving the behavioral data of the consumers related to how they feel, when they are sad, their choice and many more factors. This approaches influences the customers to purchase the product or services sometimes even at a higher price. It has been observed that the nostalgic approach would lead to create an positive impact of applied effectively on attitude and brand loyalty. Besides this it gives an option to the company to make some changes in the strategies of the company so to strengthen the bond between customer and the company (University of strathclyde business school magazine 2010). Conclusion Nostalgia is a strategy that is adopted by the companies to target their customers by analyzing the customers behavior related to how they relate themselves to other individuals, product, and objects. It considered the emotions, feelings and mood changes of the customers. By analyzing the report over nostalgic marketing approach it is concluded that this is the strategy which is used to target the audience on the basis of their past experiences and memories which they want to create in the future. By following this approach, the company is in a better position to target its customers in an efficient manner. It can be said that by following nostalgic approach in the marketing strategy of the company, it can lead to impact in feelings, moods and behavior of the company towards the products and services of the company. Besides this, it has been analyzed that there is a positive relationship between the recognition of a brand and nostalgic approach. However there can be negative relationship also if the targeted audience less prone to feelings towards any product, place, situation etc. References Amir Hetsroni. 2012. Advertising and reality: a global study of representation and content, USA, Bloomsbury publishing Chong Chin Wei. 2014. Determinants of Nostalgia sensitivity in Nostalgic driven advertising International journal of academic research in Psychology. 2(1): 11-35 Clay Routledge. 2012. The power of the past: Nostalgia as a meaning making resource Psychology press 20 (5), United Kingdom Colin L Campbell. 2015. Marketing in transition: scarcity, globalism and sustainability: proceedings of the 2009 world marketing congress, Canada, Springer Darel D Muehling, David E Sprott and Abdullah J Sultan. 2014. Exploring the boundaries of nostalgic advertising effects: a consideration of childhood brand exposure and attachment on consumers responses to Nostalgia-themed advertisements Journal of advertising 43(1): 73-84 Graham Butt. 2015. Master class in geography education: transforming teaching and learning, USA, Bloomsbury Jason Sperb. 2015. Flickers of film: Nostalgia in the time of digital cinema, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press Jeff Chun and Chih Chen. 2014. The impact of nostalgic emotions on consumer satisfaction with packing design Journal of business and retail management research (JBRMR) 8 (2): 71-79 Jellian Berman. 2016. The wall street journal. The Nostalgia vacation. https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-nostalgia-vacation-1472062625. Lilly J Goren and Linda Beail. 2015. Mad men and politics: Nostalgia and the remarking of modern America, USA, Bloomsbury Lisa Lacy. 2014. Linkedex. Nostalgia marketing: how brands use the past to connect with consumers today.https://www.linkdex.com/en-us/inked/nostalgia-marketing-how-brands-use-the-past-to-connect-with-consumers-today/ Muskan Sharma. 2010. Nostalgic marketing- the legend with past International journal in multidisciplinary and academic research (SSIJMAR) 2(3): 1-9 Robert S Wyer, Chi Yue Chiu and Ying Yi Hong. 2009. Understanding culture: theory, research and application. New York, Psychology press Rubo Cui. 2015. A review of nostalgic marketing Journal of service and management, Vol 8, pp 125-131 University of strathclyde business school magazine. 2010. Pioneer. https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/faculties/business/pioneer/issuepdfs/01-08_pioneer.pdf Wing yee cheung, Constantine sedikides and Tim wildschut. 2015. Induced nostalgia increases optimism(via social connectedness and self esteem) among individuals high, but not low in trait nostalgia Personality and individual differences 90: 283-288

Multi agency teams work together to support speech, language and communication free essay sample

There are a number of professionals that come into contact with each other if a child has needs with speech, language and communication and require support from different areas. E. g. a social worker, SEN Officer, teacher and parent can work together to improve the life of a child or young person. They may come together to discuss a plan that is best for the child to progress effectively. Each child may have different professionals to tailor their individual needs. The people with specialist knowledge and skills will support the people that work with them on a daily basis and have regular meetings to remove barriers of achievement, agree strategies, provide training and identify, and sometimes provide resources. SENCO have the correct paper work in place and ensure appointments are up to date, this will make it easy to monitor development. This will help to co-ordinate with professionals who work with the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi agency teams work together to support speech, language and communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The LEA decides between the school and external support services on how to support the child’s development and may arrange the intervention of a school action plus level to be provided. It also has a parent partnership so parents can be heard and understood with their views taken into account. Every child matters is a programme that covers all children in the school age 0-19. It has been set up so that schools and parents work together to give very child the best chance on life. It has a shared database of children containing information of every child so that all multi agencies, schools, police and voluntary groups can ensure the welfare of each child and can be assessed.

5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation

5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation 5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation 5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Hyphens are used primarily to organize two or more words into phrases to aid in reading comprehension. Although errors in the use of hyphens are usually errors of omission, erroneous overuse is also common. Beware of superfluous use of hyphens in sentences such as the ones shown below. 1. The answer is to find a silver-bullet that will wean us from fossil fuels. Hyphenated compound nouns used to be common, but most have become closed compounds. Some exceptions persist or have been coined relatively recently (dry-cleaning, go-getter, light-year, well-being), but â€Å"silver bullet,† meaning â€Å"a simple solution to a complicated problem,† is not one of them: â€Å"The answer is to find a silver bullet that will wean us from fossil fuels.† 2. She found herself routinely all-but-ignoring such comments. Here, all and but modify the verb ignoring, and the phrase needs no hyphenation: â€Å"She found herself routinely all but ignoring such comments.† 3. The company reported a $10-million deficit. Hyphens are not necessary in a phrasal adjective consisting of a numeral and a term for an order of magnitude such as million: â€Å"The company reported a $10 million deficit.† (However, when a number is spelled out and combined with million or a similar term, do hyphenate the phrasal adjective: â€Å"The company reported a ten-million-dollar deficit.†) 4. Hard work must be balanced with a feeling of fun, fellowship, and esprit-de-corps. Native and adopted noun phrases (with rare exceptions such as pick-me-up and tà ªtetà ªte) do not require hyphens: â€Å"Hard work must be balanced with a feeling of fun, fellowship, and esprit de corps.† 5. Roughly two-dozen students stood up at the meeting of the school board to protest the decision. Do not link a spelled-out number with dozen to describe a multiple of twelve: â€Å"Roughly two dozen students stood up at the meeting of the school board to protest the decision.† (However, when using a spelled-out number with score to mean â€Å"a multiple of twenty,† treat the term as a closed compound, as with fourscore.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsThe Possessive ApostropheUses of the Past Participle

The Tectonic Revolution in Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Tectonic Revolution in Architecture - Essay Example This paper discusses the views and evaluates how the new ideas were received by different architects of the period, including Adolf Loos, Le Corbusier, Frederic Keisler and Gottfried Semper. Le Corbusier was quite critical about the advent of new materials in the field of architecture, is very supportive of changes. He talks about how it is necessary to accept changes in architecture and how architecture has died with the tendency to rot with the old practices, ideas, and design. He advocates the idea, arguing that all changes are inevitably for the better. He compares them to the use of tools, stating that older tools require more energy and time and that when we come up with new tools, we undoubtedly throw the old ones. He talks about how it is foolishness to hold on to something that is old, takes up more energy, time and how it will be an idea that will rot with the emergence of new ones. Corbusier talks about how the exterior world has changed with the lapse of time and with the introduction of technology and machines. He said of the changes that were being brought into architecture, â€Å"We have a new vision and a new social life, but we have not adopted the hous e accordingly.† Corbusier talks of how the lack in the evolution in architecture was causing people to feel the gloom of living in a house that has no magnificence or beauty that appeals to the heart anymore and that the roof that has been so dear, has crumbled, succumbed to the lack of beauty that reaches the heart. Frederic Keisler began with the tearing down of buildings that were influenced by the basic architectural styles that existed before the tectonic revolution. He was also very enthusiastic about the changes that the field of architecture was facing, understanding that the new forms, methods, structures, and designs were more functional and elastic to life. He talks about how he tore down a building, replacing the architectural structure itself.

A Surgeon's Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Surgeon's Life - Essay Example A case example of this case was recognized and recorded by Aretaeus of Cappadocia over two thousand years back. Historically, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, a French neurologist was the first person to clinically delineate the syndrome. This syndrome affects the nervous system and the brain and when it does, it alters a person’s reception of activities such as movements and vocalizations. This syndrome has been commonly identified among persons who are aged between 2 to 21 years old. Basically, this disease can be described as one which makes a person do that which is against their will. Those who have been diagnosed of this syndrome are usually accustomed to frequent tics that may be abrupt and purposeless or even the occurrence of vocal sounds that are involuntary but, sudden, recurrent and rapid in parts of the body such as face, head and arms. Subsequently, persons who have this syndrome may exhibit variable expressivity in the expression of the gene as they may be obsessively compulsive or have chronic tic disorders. According to Sacks (2012), the syndrome may be evidenced in anyone regardless of their status. Carl Bennett, as described by Sacks, is a surgeon who he meets in the conference in Boston on Tourette’s syndrome. The syndrome affects Bennett in various dynamics in that, in the conference, he jumped, jerked, and suddenly lunged for the ground. Consequently, he is affected by bizarre tics but, as a result, has learnt to maintain dignity and calm during the moments (Sacks, 2012). Consequently, Dr. Carl Bennett is impacted by this syndrome in the sense that he learns to develop a sense of keenness and attention to detail in every aspect, as witnessed in the encounter in the car when Sacks is driven by Dr. Bennett and shown the surrounding. Additionally, Dr. Bennett is impacted by the syndrome in the sense that he develops a keen and fierce attention to detail, which results from his constant looking below the surface. These are as a result of

He Desire to Change the Subservient Role Essay Example for Free

He Desire to Change the Subservient Role Essay The Desire to Change the Subservient Role of Women in Old Chinese Society Chinese women stayed in an unequal status with men in old Chinese Society. Shen Congwen’s â€Å"Xiao Xiao† and Ding ling’s â€Å"When I Was in Xia Village† are two stories about village women’s lives during modern time in China. The stories in both of these works present an important traditional Chinese belief that it is profitable to raise geese than to raise daughter. In â€Å"Xiao Xiao†, she is a twelve-year-old girl who is married with a two-year-old husband, Chunguan, and as his caretaker in her youth. While â€Å"When I was in Xia Village† is a period when narrator spends his/her time in Xia village and make friends with a village girl Zhenzhen. She is sent to Japan to spy Japanese government after she is raped by Japanese soldiers. When she goes back village due to her disease, people look down upon her and laugh at her. Finally she runs away from Xiao Dabao’s propose and seeks for a fresh life in city. Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen have something in common that they are both independent-minded woman; also they are from village and ever desired to live in city to find new life and to have education; they live under the tradition of gender discrimination in old China. While their experiences are different, and, at the end, Zhenzhen is seeking for her new life in another place, yet we see Xiaoxiao and her husband’s family is still within traditions in their small village. In men’s world, women are like a tool which they can use to make their life good, but we see some of women have desire to change their subservient role to become independent in Chinese society. Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen are independent-minded women compared to other women at that time in Chinese society. They are not afraid of break down the present life and live in their owns. When Xiaoxiao’s grandpa and other relatives make joke on her about figuring out her should become a coed when she grows up. Then she has thinking that how coeds’ life is, â€Å"†¦she felt vague stirrings of unrest, and took to imagining herself as a ‘coed’. Would she behave like the ‘coed’ Grandfather talked about? In any case, there was nothing frightful about these ‘coeds’ and so these notions began to occupy this smile girl’s thoughts for the first time† (Shen 86). Although the author does not mention Xiaoxiao’s desire to become a coed directly in the story, I feel that Xiaoxiao wants to have a different life from her present life as a caretaker in village. She is young and hopes her life to be colorful and meaningful. After her stomach gets bigger, she wants to have a new life in city, â€Å"After a while, Xiaoxiao would finger her snakelike black braid, and, thinking of life in the city, she said: ‘Brother Motley, why don’t we go where we can be free in the city and find work there? What do you say? ’† (Shen 91). She knows if she keeps living with her husband’s family, she would go to dead. No more clearly than herself that she knows her situation is worse. If she elopes with Brother Motley, she could be same as those coeds in the school and live her own life with a normal marriage. Obviously, Xiaoxiao has her idea what her life she wants. In â€Å"When I was in Xia Village†, Zhenzhen is an independent-mind woman as well. Even though she has been raped and treated unrespectable. Zhenzhen does not care about surrounding people’s misunderstandings. For others’ sneer, she thinks she need to find another life but not surrender to marry Xiao Dabao, so she said to narrator â€Å"I feel that living among strangers and keeping busy would be better than living at home where people know me†¦ It’s better for each of us to go our own separate ways than it is to have everyone stay together in one place. I’m doing this for myself, but I’m doing it for the others â€Å" (Ding 146). Just like Xiaoxiao, Zhenzhen wants a new life in city and to start over. She hopes in a new place where not many people know her, so she could start over, â€Å"A person’s life is not just for one’s father and mother, or even for oneself. Some have called me young, inexperienced, and bad-tempered. I don’t dispute it. There are some things that I just have to keep to myself† (Ding 146). From these two stories, Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen are two women who have their own thought instead of under control of traditions. Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen have the same desire which moving from village to city. On one hand, Xiaoxiao wants to escape from her offence, on the other hand, she has desire to have sex with a real man, she cannot wait her little husband to grow up when she is twenty years old. So she cheats on her little husband â€Å"involuntarily† on surface. In addition, her husband’s families take her in but she never drops the idea to be like a coed, â€Å"One day, word spread that the coeds were back again. When Xiaoxiaoheard this, she eyes stared out unseeing, as if in a daze, her gaze fixed on the eastern horizon for some time† (Shen 93). She bent on joining the coeds on their way to the big city in search of freedom, unfortunately she is discovered. I guess Xiaoxiao does not have any ideas about having education in the city; she just has to get away from village. However, from her grandpa’s description on coed, she is interested in coed’s life and she thinks if she becomes a member of coed, she has holidays and does not need to do farm works. Zhenzhen is different. Although she is from village too, she has live in Japan many years. So she knows she goes to city because she wants a bright future and escape the sad village then to be educated in order to get a job with other communists, â€Å"What I do feel is that after I go to [Yan’an], I’ll be in a new situation. I will be in a new situation. I will be able to start life fresh† (Ding 146). Their movements illustrate that new Chinese women are changing people’s views and have sense of education is more and more important. Life in city is realistic and bright for them. Gender roles is very similar between â€Å"Xiaoxiao† and â€Å"When I Was in Xia Village†, they both present that women stand subservient role in society. Starting from Xiaoxiao’s marriage, her marriage is arranged by her uncle when she is only twelve. People at that time set this tradition because they think girl is useless because daughters will be others’ sooner or later, so it is better to send her earlier to save family’s food. To the bride’s family, accept a girl into their family is not only a way to take care of children, but also add a worker to help farming as a free labor. That’s why to be contrast with other female students in town, Xiaoxiao is adulterer. To punish Xiaoxiao’s cheating on her husband and families, Xiaoxiao is arranged to wait for her second marriage but no one come. Nevertheless, Xiaoxiao is lucky that her child turns out is a boy; she does not have to be married off after all. This tradition does not change after Xiaoxiao, then her son who is ten-year-old and have his wedding ceremony. Women in tradition could not hold any position of power. In the other story, people in Xia village are uneducated, so when Zhenzhen came back from Japan, they laughed at her and think she is dirty. Women have physical disadvantage than man, therefore, chastity becomes extremely crucial especially at that time. People in the village can not understand her grievance, this is one of the reason why Zhenzhen wants to go to [Xi’an] where most people are educated, at least not so care about her background. No matter from which aspect, Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen seems like a tool in men ruled the world. Xiaoxiao is portrayed as â€Å"object† sold from a place to another. She could not have her own happiness because she belongs to her husband’s family. Zhenzhen looks like more freedom than Xiaoxiao physically, but in fact, she is slaved by internal. Something she cannot shake off is her hatred and interiority, â€Å"†¦in a very calm voice, she said, ‘I can’t say that I hate him. I just feel now that I’m someone who’s diseased. It’s a fact that I was abused by a large number of Jap devils. I don’t remember that exact number. In any case, I’m unclean, and with such a black mark I don’t expect any good fortune to come my way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ding 146). Zhenzhen is used to her reputation and body to help Chinese government but at the end, she could not get any sympathy. These things always happened to women, but not men. In conclusion, Xiaoxiao and Zhenzhen are two uneducated women living in old Chinese society where unbalanced gender roles and old traditions exist. They both from village and dream to move to city meanwhile they have â€Å"sins† could not be excused. Through their different experience, they have similarities that they both independent-minded to change their lives to take education in big city. The ending of stories are different that Zhenzhen’s regardless of objection enable her goes to city as she wants, but Xiaoxiao still stays in village and keeps her original life. In old Chinese society, woman is absolutely not profitable than men. So people use women like a functional object to help working or take care of family. I think women are living a hard life and very powerless in society. Even thought they want to take education to change their lives, reality makes them difficult. However, women play many different roles which cannot be ignored. The authors express their thought and show the current situation through these good works.

Alcoholism in the Workplace Essay -- Drug Abuse

Alcoholism in the Workplace In the United States, 17.6 million people – about one in every 12 adults, abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent. (NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2012) The Mayo Clinic defines alcoholism as a chronic disease in which your body becomes dependent on alcohol (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010), and indicates that more than 100,000 Americans die annually from alcohol related causes (Johnson) . Aside from the physical problems that alcohol addiction can create, there are frequently emotional and social complications. Alcoholism is a disease that harms not only the alcoholic, but also the co-workers and family of the alcoholic. Society has given us stereotypical images of the alcoholic. Some of these stereotypes include a homeless person who is drunk every day, usually an old man, who is unable to do well at work or at home. While these stereotypes are not always true, there are some similarities in those who have been affected by this disease (Sarah Benton, 2009). The alcoholic usually has low self-esteem and feels guilty or shameful much of the time. In order to compensate for their feelings of frustration, they often may blame others for their own under achievement, and outwardly appear to strive for perfection in everything that they attempt. Often they act out of impulse, and when they fail, they are filled with self-pity and more frustration. At some point, nearly everyone will experience something negative in his or her work environment that is directly related to the abuse of alcohol. One personal incident that comes to mind is of an occasion where my employer hosted a gathering to celebrate the accomplishments of several automobile dealers who had reached or surpassed sal... ... labor. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/substanceabuse/index.html L'Etoile, M. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.opm.gov/employment_and_benefits/worklife/officialdocuments/handbooksguides/alcohol/index.asp Editorial Staff. (2012, February 24). The national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Retrieved from http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/FAQs/General-English/Pages/default.aspx Johnson, S. (n.d.). Genomics of addiction program. Retrieved from http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/gene_unit/upload/genomics_addiction.pdf NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2012, January 24). Medlineplus. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alcoholism.html NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2012, March 21). http://www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000911.htm